Referee Shortage: A Threat to Amateur Sport

Understanding Violence to Improve Prevention

Referees play an essential role in successful sports competitions. Yet, in arenas across Québec, a troubling reality threatens their very presence: verbal and physical violence, one of the most oft-cited causes for the current shortage. This study—the first from a research program on the retention, development, and well-being of referees—surveyed 811 amateur hockey referees.

The study found that 85% of respondents have been subjected to verbal acts of violence and nearly 45% of them suffered threats or acts of physical aggression with serious consequences: a decline in well-being, higher rates of burnout, and an increasing disengagement from the profession.

In light of this alarming situation, the study identified key protective factors such as individual resilience, the sense of belonging to a community, and support from sports organizations. These factors are crucial in limiting the negative impact of violence and enhancing long-term retention.

Tangible Benefits for the Sports Ecosystem

On top of attracting extensive media coverage, the results of this study have led to a number of material actions. Hockey Québec implemented several structuring initiatives, including public awareness campaigns, mentoring, and training resources to create a safer environment; with other sports federations like Soccer Québec and Football Québec now looking to do the same.

At government level, the Ministry of Education is currently working with the Sport Management Hub to develop public policies on refereeing. And on the individual front, referees finally had the opportunity to make their voices heard.